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Volvariella surrecta
''Volvariella surrecta'', commonly known as the piggyback rosegill, is an agaric fungus in the family Pluteaceae. Although rare, the species is widely distributed, having been reported from Asia, North America, Northern Africa, Europe, and New Zealand. The fungus grows as a parasite on the fruit bodies of other gilled mushrooms, usually ''Clitocybe nebularis''. ''V. surrecta'' mushrooms have white or greyish silky-hairy caps up to in diameter, and white gills that turns pink in maturity. The stipe, also white, is up to long, and has a sack-like volva at its base.
==Taxonomy==
The species was first mentioned in scientific literature as ''Agaricus surrectus'' by English botanist John Leonard Knapp in his 1829 ''Journal of a Naturalist''. Knapp described the species and illustrated it in a woodcut. He wrote: We have even an agaric, with a bulbous root and downy pileus, that will spring from the smooth summit of another (agaricus caseus), which has a uniform footstalk, though not of common occurrence. Thus a plant, that itself arises from decay, is found to constitute a soil for another; and the termination of this chain of efficiency is hidden from us.〔 Seven years later, Miles Berkeley described the fungus as ''Agaricus loveianus'', not aware of Knapp's previous publication, and wrote that it was "a most elegant and curious species which ... appears not to have been hitherto noticed."〔 Berkeley's name was frequently used in literature to refer to the fungus for over a century rather than Knapp.〔 In his 1917 ''North American Flora'', William Alphonso Murrill proposed a new name combination for the species based on Berkeley's name, ''Volvariopsis loweiana''.〔 In 1942, John Ramsbottom discovered Knapp's image and description of the fungus, and realizing it referred to the same species as Berkeley's ''Agaricus loveianus'', made the new combination ''Volvaria surrecta''.〔 Rolf Singer transferred it to the genus ''Volvariella'' in 1951, giving it the name by which it is known presently.〔
Molecular analysis of DNA sequences suggests that ''V. surrecta'' belongs to the ''Volvariella pusilla'' group—a grouping of related ''Volvariella'' species that produce small, white fruit bodies. In this analysis, ''V. surrecta'' formed a subclade with ''V. hypopithys''.〔 Almost 90 years earlier, Paul Konrad and André Maublanc recognized the relatedness of these species, and proposed that ''V. surrecta'' should be considered a subspecies of ''V. hypopithys''.〔〔
The specific epithet ''surrecta'' is Latin for "to arise". Berkeley's epithet ''loveianus'' honors British naturalist and Reverend Richard Thomas Lowe.〔 The mushroom is commonly known as the piggyback rosegill.〔
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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